Expert Answer to NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion Summary of Articles

NRS 493 topic 3 Discussion 1 includes an answer to the discussion Submit a summary of six of your articles on the discussion board. Discuss one strength and one weakness for each of these six articles on why the article may or may not provide sufficient evidence for your practice change.

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1 NRS 493 Topic 3 DQ 1 Discussion

1.1 Expert Answer to NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion 1

1.1.1 Article Discussion

1.1.2 References

1.2 Expert Answer to NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion 1

1.2.1 Summary of articles- NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

1.2.2 References

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NRS 493 Topic 3 DQ 1 Discussion

Submit a summary of six of your articles on the discussion board. Discuss one strength and one weakness for each of these six articles on why the article may or may not provide sufficient evidence for your practice change.

Expert Answer to NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion 1

Article Discussion

1. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019, September 7). Falls. Retrieved August 6 2021, from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/falls

Strength: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality describes the status of patient falls, particularly among the elderly in long-term care facilities that support the need for evidence-based interventions. The AHRQ also highlights the statistics of patient falls in the USA and the consequences to individuals, their families, and the government resulting injuries, poor health and direct medical costs, further supporting the need for additional interventions. Moreover, the AHRQ highlights the risk factors associated with falls among the elderly, fall prevention and reduction frameworks, and the current contexts.

Weakness: The central weakness of the AHRQ article is that it does not highlight the context of falls among Alzheimer’s patients’ in mental care facilities, the associated risks and prevention measures, which are crucial supportive evidence to the proposed capstone project proposal

2. Burns, E. R., Stevens, J. A., & Lee, R. (2016). The direct costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults—United States. Journal of Safety Research, 58, 99-103. 1016/j.jsr.2016.05.001

Strength: The article provides crucial information on the status of falls among US adults aged above 65 years. Significantly, the study delves into incidences, costs, and direct medical costs associated with different types of falls, i.e., non-fatal and fatal falls in hospitals, emergency departments and outpatient settings. Moreover, the article highlights existing measures that can help reduce patient falls among the elderly. Therefore, the article’s discussion provides a broad view of the cost related consequences of elderly falls and reduction strategies that can support the proposed interventions to prevent and reduce patient falls.

Weakness: Despite the broad view on the consequences of patient falls and relevant mitigation measures, the article bases its data on from 1998-1999, which does not reflect the current costs of patient falls among the elderly.

3. Fernando, E., Fraser, M., Hendriksen, J., Kim, C. H., & Muir-Hunter, S. W. (2017). Risk factors associated with falls in older adults with dementia: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada, 69(2), 161-170. 3138/PTC.2016-14

Strength: This article provides a critical literature evaluation and identifies factors associated with fall risks among the elderly with dementia. These factors are crucial to the proposed project intervention on preventing and reducing falls among Alzheimer’s patients. Significantly, the article highlights the different intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing falls and can guide novel intervention measures among the same populations.

Weakness: The significant weakness of the article is found in the sources of evidence that it uses as evidence. Remarkably, some of the reviewed articles provided adjusted risk factors estimates, reporting no variables used to determine the risks. This results in conflicting results from the different articles, limiting the quality of evidence used to guide practice.

4. Hartholt, K. A., Lee, R., Burns, E. R., & Van Beeck, E. F. (2019). Mortality from falls among US adults aged 75 years or older, 2000-2016. Jama, 321(21), 2131-2133. 11001/jama.2019.4185

Strength: The article provides mortality statistics from falls among USA adults aged 75 and above between 2000 and 2016. The article also provides information on risk factors associated with falls among this population. The study is based on nationally representative statistics, which are vital in informing appropriate fall prevention and reduction interventions.

Weakness: The study does not provide a comprehensive assessment of the circumstances contributing to the increasing incidences of falls. Besides, the study obtained data from the USA Census Bureau, which could be misclassified and misrepresented, contributing to inadequate evidence. Lastly, the article does not provide information on Alzheimer’s population crucial to the proposed project.

5. Pirrie, M., Saini, G., Angeles, R., Marzanek, F., Parascandalo, J., & Agarwal, G. (2020). Risk of falls and fear of falling in older adults residing in public housing in Ontario, Canada: findings from a multisite observational study. BMC geriatrics, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1399-1

Strength: The article describes the prevalence of falls among the elderly and the associated risk factors in public housing. Specifically, the article outlines crucial social determinants of health as the primary risk factors for falls. These findings are crucial in informing fall interventions for the elderly population crucial for the proposed capstone project. Moreover, the study provides a broad geographical representation of study participants in its context, incorporates researched concepts, and supports the need for targeted interventions. capstone and practicum reflective journal

Weakness: Despite the article’s significance, the findings are based on a small sample size limiting its generalizability and the quality of evidence. Moreover, the study does not discuss concepts related to cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer’s patients crucial for the proposed intervention.

professional capstone and practicum reflective

6. Sharif, S. I., Al-Harbi, A. B., Al-Shihabi, A. M., Al-Daour, D. S., & Sharif, R. S. (2018). Falls in the elderly: assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 16(3). 18549/PharmPract.2018.03.1206

Strength: The article offers an assessment of falls among the elderly (60 years and above), determining the risk factors associated with the incidences of falls. Moreover, the article provides exclusive support for the significance of risk factors, awareness about falls, and the associated consequences as a crucial guide to establishing effective prevention and reduction measures. Of particular significance is the exposition of the relationship between medications and the rate of falls among the elderly, including the role of healthcare personnel in educating patients and advising families of ways to reduce falls.

Weakness: The article based its results on retrospective data on patient falls, which could be susceptible to recall bias since elderly patients can underreport the number of falls. Equally, the article did not exclusively establish all relevant risk factors. Moreover, the evidence findings are based on data from the United Arab Emirates, which limits its generalizability to the USA context.

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019, September 7). Falls. Retrieved August 6 2021, from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/falls NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Burns, E. R., Stevens, J. A., & Lee, R. (2016). The direct costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults—United States. Journal of Safety Research, 58, 99-103. 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.05.001 NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Fernando, E., Fraser, M., Hendriksen, J., Kim, C. H., & Muir-Hunter, S. W. (2017). Risk factors associated with falls in older adults with dementia: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada, 69(2), 161-170. 10.3138/PTC.2016-14

Hartholt, K. A., Lee, R., Burns, E. R., & Van Beeck, E. F. (2019). Mortality from falls among US adults aged 75 years or older, 2000-2016. Jama, 321(21), 2131-2133. 10.1001/jama.2019.4185 NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Pirrie, M., Saini, G., Angeles, R., Marzanek, F., Parascandalo, J., & Agarwal, G. (2020). Risk of falls and fear of falling in older adults residing in public housing in Ontario, Canada: findings from a multisite observational study. BMC geriatrics, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1399-1 NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Sharif, S. I., Al-Harbi, A. B., Al-Shihabi, A. M., Al-Daour, D. S., & Sharif, R. S. (2018). Falls in the elderly: assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 16(3). 10.18549/PharmPract.2018.03.1206 NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Expert Answer to NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion 1

Summary of articles- NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

The practice change aims at developing strategies to train nurses on how to educate the community to protect themselves during COVID. The project also aims at developing an intervention to ensure full vaccination of teenagers and minority groups.

GÜNER et al. (2020) discuss prevention and control measures against COVID-19 in the community. The article provides crucial points on how to prevent the spread of the virus in our community. These measures will be included in the nurses’ training program. The article does not provide how healthcare professionals can educate the public about these prevention measures.

Tripathi et al. (2020) demonstrate health workers’ and residents’ awareness and preparedness of the COVID-19 outbreak. The article includes vital evidence on how to improve the awareness and preparedness of targeted and vulnerable communities through educational interventions. The article does not provide evidence of the role of nurses and other healthcare workers in public education.

Purba (2020) discusses the changing role of nurses during the pandemic. The article has critical evidence on how to equip nurses to effectively respond to the outbreak and meet the needs of vulnerable groups. The article does not provide evidence on a leadership policy of nurse training or methods of nurse training.

Shiow-Ching (2021) covers the challenges of the nursing profession during the pandemic, nurse identity, and nurse education. The article provides essential information on the need for nurse education during the pandemic. This study does not offer evidence on how nurse education can help the communities protect themselves.

Hooper et al. (2021) address the need to vaccinate all populations. Vaccine hesitancy is prevalent among teenagers and racial/ethnic minority communities, and the article provides evidence on how to address hesitancy and ensure health equity. The article does not provide information on which stakeholders to involve in creating awareness about vaccination and encouraging everyone to participate.

Strully (2021) also covers vaccine hesitancy in minority populations. The article provides vital information on strategies to address hesitancy and mitigate health disparities among minority populations, such as transparency and building trust. However, the study does not provide who to involve and outreach strategies for addressing teenager vaccinations.

References

GÜNER, H. R., Hasanoğlu, I., & Aktaş, F. (2020). COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in the community. Turkish Journal of medical sciences, 50(SI-1), 571-577.

Tripathi, R., Alqahtani, S. S., Albarraq, A. A., Meraya, A. M., Tripathi, P., Banji, D., … & Alnakhli, F. M. (2020). Awareness and Preparedness of COVID-19 Outbreak Among Healthcare Workers and Other Residents of South-West Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 482. NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Purba, A. K. (2020). How should the role of the nurse change in response to covid-19?. Nursing Times, 116(6), 25-28.

Shiow-Ching, S. H. U. N. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic: The Challenges to the Professional Identity of Nurses and Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Research, 29(2), e138. NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Hooper, M. W., Nápoles, A. M., & Pérez-Stable, E. J. (2021). No populations left behind: Vaccine hesitancy and equitable diffusion of effective COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1-4. NRS 493 Topic 3 Discussion

Strully, K. W., Harrison, T. M., Pardo, T. A., & Carleo-Evangelist, J. (2021). Strategies to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Mitigate Health Disparities in Minority Populations. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 384.