Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example

Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example

1. List the six functions of the kidney

1) Excrete urea, ammonia (nitrogenous waste)

2) Regulates blood volume by determining the amount of water excreted

3) Regulates the electrolyte content of the blood.(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

4) Regulate acid-base balance

5) Regulate RBC production through the secretion of erythopoietin

2. Discuss the process of filtration and how it flows through the different structures in the kidney.

The glomerulus filters water and other substances from the bloodstreams

The filtration membrane keeps blood cells and large proteins in the bloodstream

Reabsorption moves nutrients and water back into the bloodstream

Waste ions and hydrogens ions secreted from the blood complete the formation of urine

3. Where does filtration start?

Filtration takes place in the glomerulus, which is the vascular beginning of the nephron.

4. Name the solvents that are not filtered out of the glomerulus.

Blood components include blood cells, albumins, and platelets.

5. Name the three hormones that control water and electrolyte reabsorption in the kidneys.

Atrial natriuretic peptide, produced by the heart, Antidiuretic hormone, released from the

posterior pituitary, Aldosterone, secreted from the adrenal cortex(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

6. Summarize the blood flow through the kidneys.

Blood flows into your kidney through the renal artery. This large blood vessel branches into

smaller and smaller blood vessels until the blood reaches the nephrons. In the nephron, your

blood is filtered by the tiny blood vessels of the glomeruli and then flows out of your kidney

through the renal vein. Your blood circulates through your kidneys many times a day. In a single

day, your kidneys filter about 150 quarts of blood.

7. Discuss abnormal findings that may be found in a urinalysis test.

The urinalysis tests detect and/or measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of

normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, crystals, casts and bacteria.

Abnormal urinalysis results may point to a disease or illness.(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

8. Identify blood test that can measure kidney function.

A creatinine blood test measures kidney function. The body produces creatinine at a steady rate,

and measuring the levels only requires a routine blood sample.(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

9. Discuss the difference between a UTI and pyelonephritis.

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis, the region of the kidneys from where the urine drains

into the ureters and is carried away to the urinary bladder. It is relatively rarer than UTI as it higher up

and chances of the body’s immune system eradicating the infection by then are high. Children and

elderly are more prone to UTIs.(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

10. Differentiate AGN from nephrotic syndrome?

AGN: damage in glomeruli due to inflammation, infection (streptococcal organism) Nephrotic syndrome:

abnormal permeability of the glomerular membrane to protein molecules (albumin); protein excessively

filtered through the renal tubules, protein excreted in urine, pressure changes in the kidney, edema,

progressive renal failure, & hyperalbuminuria & hypoalbuminemia.

11. Describe three types of renal calculi.

Carbonate, calcium oxalate stone, calcium phosphate stone

12. Differentiate acute and chronic renal failure

Acute renal failure usually develops rapidly. Blood tests show elevated serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and

creatinine as well as metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia, confirming the failure of the kidneys to

remove wastes.(Urinary and Renal Worksheet Comprehensive Nursing Paper Example)

Chronic renal failure is the gradual irreversible destruction of the kidneys over a long period. It may

result from chronic kidney disease, such as bilateral pyelonephritis or congenital polycystic kidney

disease, or from systemic disorders, such as hypertension or diabetes.

Reference

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/