Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example

Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example

Clinical manifestations present in Mr. M.

Mr. M has no known allergies, is a non-smoker, and a non-alcoholic. He has walking difficulty and abnormality after a tibia fracture surgery. He has previously suffered from high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels in the blood, undergone appendix removal surgery, and tibia fracture surgery. He is currently taking Lisinopril 20mg daily to control blood pressure, Lipitor 40mg daily to lower cholesterol levels, Ambien 10mg PRN to treat insomnia, Xanax 0.5 mg PRN to control panic and anxiety attacks, and ibuprofen 400mg PRN to relieve pain from different conditions. His health has deteriorated significantly and he has memory loss, gets agitated and aggressive easily and he is afraid when he gets agitated. He also wonders during the night and gets lost. He requires help with daily living activities. The objective data reveals lower-grade fever, high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and rapid respiratory rate. The BMI measurement indicates that Mr. M. is overweight. Lab results indicate high white blood cell count, which can be a sign of infection or inflammation. High lymphocyte count is also a sign of infection. There are leucocytes present in urine. However, protein, AST, and ALT measurements are within the normal range. (Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Primary and secondary medical diagnoses

The primary diagnoses to consider for Mr. M. based on the clinical evaluation would be high blood pressure, Alzheimer’s disease, and mental health conditions. BP 123/78, HR 93, and RR 22 Pox 99% indicate high blood pressure, high heart rate, and rapid respiratory rate, respectively. It is vital to conduct a high blood pressure diagnosis to determine its causes and how they are related to his deteriorating health. Mr. M. is experiencing memory loss, inability to remember his room, and learn new things. He also wonders at night and often gets lost. These conditions necessitate a diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease, a neurological disorder that occurs progressively, making the brain shrink (Mayo Clinic Staff, n.d.). Patients experience a decline in thinking, social, and behavioral skills that make them dependent on others for ADLs. The agitation and aggressive behavior can indicate mental conditions such as depression, and it is vital to undertake a diagnosis to determine the causes of behavioral and social skills changes.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Secondary diagnoses to consider include kidney and liver infections. The cloudiness in the urine shows the presence of leucocytes in urine, which can be a sign of infection or kidney diseases such as kidney stones. However, the diagnosis is not major since leucocyte levels are moderate. (Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)The patient is under numerous medications, and it is vital to diagnose the liver and evaluate the impact. The lab results however show normal protein, AST, and ALT levels, indicating a healthy liver (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Mr. M. would more likely be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease since most of the conditions arising lately, such as dependency, memory loss, and wandering, are associated with the disease.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Abnormalities to expect during the nursing assessment

A nurse would expect abnormalities in body temperate, respiratory rate, heart rate, and white blood cell count. I would also expect abnormalities in urine tests that vary depending on the infection’s presence or absence. These abnormalities are likely, considering his medical history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Based on MR. M. changing health status, I expect abnormal behavioral changes and mental conditions such as social withdrawal, depression, distrust in others, irritability and aggressiveness, mood swings, changes in sleeping habits, loss of inhibition, delusions, wandering, and apathy (Mayo Clinic Staff, n.d.). Mr. M would likely be disappointed by himself due to loss of memory and constantly relying on others for ADLs. The disappointment can result in these behavioral changes and mental problems.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Impacts of Mr. M. current health status on him and the family

The tibia fracture affected his walking ability, and he experiences difficulties moving around. He also suffers from memory loss, lack of sleep, wandering, and getting lost often. Currently, he is not self-sufficient and must rely on others for daily activities such as dressing, bathing, and feeding.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example) He is affected emotionally and psychologically, which makes him easily agitated and aggressive. This aggressive behavior can affect his relationship with the family, making him afraid when agitated in fear of hurting those taking care of him. He is not easily approachable. Mr. M.’s health status also affects his family, who has to take care of him and assist him to do ADLs. The family is also affected psychologically as it is not easy to observe your loved ones suffer, and there is less you can do to help them recover. His conditions can lead to depression and loss of self-esteem.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Interventions that can be put into place to support Mr. M. and his family

Given Mr. M.’s behavioral changes and mental condition, it is necessary to assign a therapist for him and the family to help them recover and help him minimize his agitation and control his aggressive behavior (Van den Berg et al., 2018). A therapist would also help him feel comfortable in his situation. A home-based caregiver would help Mr. M. do ADLs, lifting the burden from his family members. Mr. M.’s social skills are declining, and he seems lonely. It is vital to organize social events where he can meet with other elderly people. Being among other people would help him recoup. Occasional visits from family members would help him remember their names and develop bonds that make him comfortable and unafraid among people. Mr. M. also requires regular checkups from the nurses to review his progress and additional interventions to adopt to improve his well-being.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Potential problems Mr. M. faces due to his condition

High blood pressure and cholesterol levels are potential causes of a heart attack. Cholesterol deposits in the blood vessel interrupt blood flow to the heart, which can cause a heart attack. High blood pressure makes the heart overwork, and the valves and chambers eventually enlarge and weaken, affecting the heart’s efficiency to pump blood (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019). There are also high chances for stroke due to hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. High cholesterol levels can cause diabetes. Mr. M. is likely to develop atherosclerosis as cholesterol levels increase. Mr. M. is also on the verge of developing dementia that affects the brain, changing the patterns of vision, speech, thinking, and movement (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019). Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of dementia. Narrow vessels due to high cholesterol levels can cause vascular dementia.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies. Sleep Disorders (SLQ_I).(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2019, January 09). How high blood pressure can affect your body. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045868   (Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Mayo Clinic Staff. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s disease. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

Van den Berg, J. F., Kruithof, H. C., Kok, R. M., Verwijk, E., & Spaans, H. P. (2018). Electroconvulsive therapy for agitation and aggression in dementia: a systematic review. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(4), 419-434.(Clinical manifestations present in Mr M Comprehensive Nursing Essay Example)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/