Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Essay Examples

DQ 1 Responses

Response to Toni Reagan

Hello Reagan, (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

Thank you for an educative and insightful post. Indeed CYP2C19 impacts an individual’s response to clopidogrel. The cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) enzyme converts clopidogrel into an active metabolite, which is necessary for the drug to work. Those with two CYP2C19 loss-of-function copies are referred to as poor metabolizers (PM) of CYP2C19 (Dean & Kane, 2022) (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

Because CYP2C19 cannot activate clopidogrel in those with the CYP2C19 PM phenotype, the medication will have less of an antiplatelet effect. Regarding ethnic groups, CYP2C19 PMs make up about 2% of Caucasians, 4% of African Americans, 14% of Chinese, and 57% of Oceanians (Dean & Kane, 2022). In people who are CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers (IM), the efficacy of clopidogrel is similarly decreased (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

Reference

Dean, L., & Kane, M. (2022). Clopidogrel Therapy and CYP2C19 Genotype. Medical Genetics Summaries [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK84114/

Response to Kayla Tackett (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples)

Hi Tackett,

You have presented an intriguing argument on the relationship between an individual’s genetic makeup and medication effectiveness. Certain proteins remain known to alter how medications function. Pharmacogenomics examines differences in these proteins’ genes. These proteins include liver enzymes, which alter medications chemically (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

Due to chemical changes, drugs can occasionally become more or less active in the body. I concur that CYP2C9 and VKORC1 influence Warfarin’s effectiveness. Compared to people who possess the *1 allele, carriers of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 need to reduce their warfarin dosage by 19% and 33% per allele (Chong, 2023). Compared to individuals who do not contain the VKORC1 A allele, carriers need to reduce their warfarin dosage by 28% per allele.

Reference

Chong, K. (2023, March 24). Warfarin dosing and VKORC1/CYP2C9: Overview, clinical implications of the genetic mutation. Diseases & Conditions – Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1733331-overview?form=fpf

Response to Mercy Josephine Famorca

Hello Famorca,

Thank you for the great post. Individual variations in genetic (inherited) makeup impact what a drug does to the body and how the body responds to treatment. Cations can be assessed before the therapy begins. Some people break down medications more slowly than others due to their genetic makeup (Dean, 2018). As a result, toxicity from drug accumulation in the body is possible. Some people metabolize medications so quickly that even after taking the recommended dosage, the blood level of the medication never rises to the point where it can start working (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

You have shared a good example involving VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes and Warfarin. Adding to your discussion, the primary enzyme involved in the metabolic removal of S warfarin is CYP2C9 Dean, L. (2018). The two most prevalent allelic variations, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3, cause reductions in the enzyme’s activity of 30% and 80%, respectively. Normal enzyme function (wild-type) stays denoted CYP2C9*1. I agree that genetic screening and testing are critical to determining an individual’s potential response to a prescribed drug ((Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples)).

Reference

Dean, L. (2018). Warfarin Therapy and VKORC1 and CYP Genotype. Medical Genetics Summaries [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK84174/

DQ 2 Responses

Response to Mary Josephine Famorca

Hello Farmoca,

Your discussion is informative and intriguing. As the healthcare system moves to a more patient-centered approach, healthcare providers are encouraged to prioritize patient needs, preferences, and values in clinical decision-making. I concur that personalized medicine allows providers to advocate and care for patients according to their genetic profiles (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2022) (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

It enables DNP nurses to effectively adopt prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies that work for a specific patient, as they can choose the best treatment and deliver it with the correct dosage or regimen by knowing a patient’s genetic profile. Human Genome Project data is being used to enhance personalized medicine (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2022). Personalized medicine aligns with the principles of patient-centered care by promoting patients’ autonomous decision-making, which is achieved through informed consent (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples). 

Reference

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2022). Personalized Medicine. Genome.gov. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Personalized-Medicine

Response to Krista Fredricks

Hi Fredricks,

Thank you for a comprehensive and educative discussion. Indeed advocacy in nursing is a mandate. Nursing advocacy is critical to the connection between medical professionals and patients. Nurses can assist patients in navigating the healthcare system and their specific treatment plans by drawing on their broad domain expertise. Nursing advocacy can also occur at the legal and policy levels, allowing nurses to affect how hospitals run and how patients are cared for (Regis College, 2023).

DNP-prepared nurses should advocate for each patient despite differences in values and beliefs. Nurses should serve people equally and avoid imposing their beliefs and values on their patients. Christian teachings emphasize caring for and loving others as you love yourself. These principles are integral in nurse advocacy as they stress being selfless on the nurses’ part ((Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples)).

Reference

Regis College. (2023, March 8). How a DNP can prepare you for nursing advocacy. Regis College Online. https://online.regiscollege.edu/blog/nursing-advocacy/

Response to Peace Okorie

Hello Okorie,

You have shared a robust and informative discussion. With personalized medicine, it is possible to transform a one-size-fits-all approach to diagnosis, medication, and prevention into an individualized one (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2022). People are all different but are also alike, and the notion that medicine would be practiced in a way that disregards those variations cannot be more accurate than buying a shoe without checking the size.

Practicing personalized medicine is one way of advocating for patients because it involves assessing patients’ needs based on their genetic makeup and providing care that aligns with their unique genome. I agree that talking and listening more to patients can help identify their values, beliefs, and preferences, which will help in clinical decision-making. Maintaining a healthy relationship with and communicating promptly and effectively with your patients helps with fostering patient-centered care (Individual Variations in Genetic-Nursing Paper Examples).

Reference

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2022). Personalized Medicine. Genome.gov. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Personalized-Medicine