Reinforcement of Barcoding Technology in Medication Delivery Process: Medication Errors

Reinforcement of Barcoding Technology in Medication Delivery Process: PICOT: To what degree does the Reinforcement of Barcoding technology in the medication delivery process and medication safety education reduce rate of medication error from 20% to 10% when compared to absence reinforcement among nurses in M&M medical CTR in 4 weeks…

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Reinforcement of Barcoding Technology in Medication Delivery Process

Paper details

PICOT: To what degree does the Reinforcement of Barcoding technology in the medication delivery process and medication safety education reduce rate of medication error from 20% to 10% when compared to absence reinforcement among nurses in M&M medical CTR in 4 weeks. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ME QUESTION REGARDING THE ORDER OR ANY CHANGES OR CONFUSION.

This week’s post will focus on Chapter Two. Address the areas below in your discussion post this week. Spelling and grammar will be reviewed and graded. Note: When you write the chapters, adhere to the Proposal Paper requirements.

Introduce Chapter Two: States the overall purpose of the project; lets reader knows what the literature review will address; describes how the chapter will be organized (including the specific sections and subsections); describes how the literature was surveyed, so the reader can evaluate the thoroughness of the review, provides a historical overview of the problem based on the gap or need defined in the literature and how it originated (this section must contain empirical citations; presents strong evidence for the intervention; and discusses how the problem has evolved historically into its current form.

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Theoretical Framework: This section identifies the theories or models that provide the foundation for the project. This section should present the theories or models(s) and explain how the problem under investigation relates to the theory or model. The theories or models(s) guide the clinical questions and justify what is being measured (variables) as well as how those variables are related. Literature Review outlines your themes and subthemes and includes references.

Characteristics of Food Pantry Clients are Changing (Theme 3rd level heading): Add all citations for this section listed:

Food Security. (Subtheme 4th level heading): Add all citations for this listed here.

Food pantry clients. (Subtheme 4th level heading): Add all citations for this listed here.

Summary of Theme (Second level heading)

Blood Pressure Control (Theme 3rd level heading): Add all citations for this section listed.

Behavior change (Subtheme 4th level heading): Add all citations for this listed here.

Community health interventions. (Subtheme 4th level heading): Add all citations for this listed here.

Diet and exercise. (Subtheme 4th level heading): Add all citations for this listed here.

Summary of Theme (2nd level heading): Continue in this fashion. Theme-sub theme, summary.

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Significance of the Project: This section identifies and describes the significance of the project and the implications of the potential results based on the clinical questions and problem statement. It describes how the project fits within and will contribute to the current literature or the clinical site practice. It describes potential practical applications from the project.

Project Methodology: Providing the rationale for the selected project method (e.g. quantitative) and includes a discussion of why the selected method was chosen instead of another method.

Project Design: Providing the rationale for the selected project design and includes a discussion of why the selected design is the best one to collect the data needed.

Solution

Introduction

Nationally, medication errors account for more than 3.5 million physician visits, one million emergency department visits and up to 125,000 hospital admissions (da Silva, & Krishnamurthy, 2016). As a result, healthcare barcoding technology is geared towards the prevention of medication administration errors, founded on the premise of the five rights of medication administration. With a focus on preventable medication errors, the barcoding system verifies that the right patient, right drug, right dose, right route and right time, for each patient thereby improving the safety of the patient and increase the accuracy of medication administration.

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Despite the safety and operational efficiency benefits coupled by an existing bar-code system, reduced use of the technology due to challenges including being understaffed, heavy workloads, nurse burnout, nurse workarounds, lack of adequate training on the technology and non-compliance with CPOE policy are among the factors attributing to the 17% medication error rate in the facility. The project reinforced bar-code technology in the medication delivery process and medication safety education to reduce the medication error rate from 17% to 10% in a geriatric psychiatric unit in 4 weeks.

A literature search was conducted on the use and adoption of bar code assisted medication administration as well as the link between medication errors and the bar code medication technology. The search used the databases of CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO from 2010-2020. In Chapter 2, section 2 focused on the theoretical models used in defining the gap and the intervention.

Section 3 examined the themes and subthemes in the literature review, tying each theme and subtheme to the gap and interventions of the project. The significance of the project is identified and described in section 4, while section 5 provides a rationale for the quantitative project method, and section 6 discussed the project design.

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Theoretical Framework

Donabedian’s theory, the theory of planned behavior and the Normalization Process Theory guided the Quality Improvement Project.  The Donabedian’s conceptual model was used to evaluate and measure improvements to the quality of care by focusing on the components of structure, process and outcomes (Shen et al., 2018).

The model is founded on the concept of structure measures influencing process measures, which subsequently affect outcome measures. Donabedian’s model helped link how medication errors (outcome measure) relate to the use of the barcoding technology (process measure), and workflow factors such as nurse burnout (structure outcomes) correlate with improving the quality of care at the facility.

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) provided a framework for understanding the individual behavior of nurses and predicted the intention of engaging in a behavior at a specific time and place. TPB is founded on the concept that behavioral change achievement relies on motivation, which is the intention and ability, which determines behavioral control (Davies, 2019).

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TPB provided a model for reinforcing barcoding technology in the medication delivery process and the premise for medication safety education in reducing the rate of medication error. The Normalization Process Theory provided a framework for implementing, embedding and integrating the intervention by focusing on human processes that facilitate the adoption of new practices (May et al., 2018).

The conceptual model helped in defining the approaches for reinforcing of barcoding technology in the medication delivery process, medication safety education, ensuring the intervention is accurately embedded into practice and providing sustainable measures for maintaining the practice past the evaluation period.

Literature review

The three themes that emerged after a systematic review included workarounds in bar-assisted medication administration, nurse compliance with barcode-medication administration technology, and medication administration errors.

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Theme 1: Medication administration errors

• To understand the problem of medication errors, the research cross-examined the occurrence of medication errors in the clinical setting.
• Causes of medication errors in the unit; examines the potential causes of medication errors, to determine the factors that contribute to the increased risk of medication errors (Bijlsma, & Taxis, 2017; Othman, & Darawad, 2020).
• Prevention of medication administration errors; Researched on the approaches implemented to prevent the occurrence of medication errors and why bar-code technology is among the best frameworks for preventing medication errors (Othman, & Darawad, 2020)
• Safety and quality of care; Examined the link between the cause of medication errors across literature and prevention to determine the correlation with patient safety and quality of care (Van Der Veen et al., 2020; Harrington, Clyne, Fuchs, Hardison, & Johnson, 2013)

Theme 2: Workarounds in bar-assisted medication administration

• Workarounds in barcoding assisted medication administration is among the critical challenges resulting in high medication error rates. The research included literature examining the nurse workarounds through the themes of;
• Taking short cuts during a work task; examined the factors leading nurses to take short cuts during work tasks involving bar-code assisted technology (Leung et l., 2015).
• Perceived usefulness of bar-assisted medication technology- Researched on the link between the perceived usefulness of barcoded medication technology and workarounds (Harrington, Clyne, Fuchs, Hardison, & Johnson, 2013).
• Role of nursing administration: Focused on the role nurse administration plays in nurse workarounds (Van Der Veen et al., 2018)

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Theme 3: Human-machine interface in relation to medication errors

• Nurse level of understanding of Barcoding technology; the link between the ability to use barcoding technology and medication errors (Darawad, Othman, & Alosta, 2019).
• Adequacy of barcoding equipment and information: Examined the presence of supporting material on the use and adoption of barcoding technology and the potential outcomes (van der Veen et al., 2020).
• Training on the use of barcoding technology: Focused on the education levels and the impact of training nurses on the use of barcoding technology on medication administration errors (Booth, Sinclair, Strudwick, Hall, Tong, Loggie, & Chan, 2017).

Significance of the Project

The quality improvement project aims at reducing medication errors within the unit to 10%, thereby contributing to patient safety and optimizing the quality of care. The project focuses on reinforcing the adoption of an already existing framework, subsequently improving the operational efficiencies of the barcoding technology in the system. The project also addresses a gap consistent across the organization and helps alleviate the high risks, and costs associated with medication errors.

Project Methodology

The project used a quantitative approach to conduct the research. The method allows the project to apply descriptive statistics in conducting a systematic and empirical investigation. The methodology helped define associations between variables of the project leading to a better understanding of the gap and the implications of the intervention.

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Project Design

The project used a meta-analysis design to conduct the research. The design enabled the QIT project to examine the findings of independent studies and assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The meta-analysis enabled the research to estimate the effect of the intervention while analyzing the sustainability factors.

References

• Bijlsma, M., & Taxis, K. (2017). Association between Workarounds and Medication Administration Errors in Bar Code-Assisted Medication Administration: Protocol of a Multicenter Study. JMIR research protocols, 6(4), e74-e74.
• Booth, R. G., Sinclair, B., Strudwick, G., Hall, J., Tong, J., Loggie, B., & Chan, R. (2017). Strategies through clinical simulation to support nursing students and their learning of Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) and Electronic Medication Administration Record (eMAR) technologies. In Health Professionals’ Education in the Age of Clinical Information Systems, Mobile Computing and Social Networks (pp. 245-266). Academic Press.
• Darawad, M. W., Othman, E. H., & Alosta, M. R. (2019). Nurses’ satisfaction with bar-code medication‐administration technology: Results of a cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 21(4), 461-469.
• Da Silva, B. A., & Krishnamurthy, M. (2016). The alarming reality of medication error: a patient case and review of Pennsylvania and National data. Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives, 6(4), 31758. https://doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.31758
• Davies, S. L. (2019). Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Implement a Multi-Modal Fall Reduction Plan (Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University).
• Harrington, L., Clyne, K., Fuchs, M. A., Hardison, V., & Johnson, C. (2013). Evaluation of the use of bar-code medication administration in nursing practice using an evidence-based checklist. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(11), 611-617.
• Leung, A. A., Denham, C. R., Gandhi, T. K., Bane, A., Churchill, W. W., Bates, D. W., & Poon, E. G. (2015). A safe practice standard for bar-code technology. Journal of patient safety, 11(2), 89-99.
• May, C. R., Cummings, A., Girling, M., Bracher, M., Mair, F. S., May, C. M., & Finch, T. (2018). Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review. Implementation Science, 13(1), 80.
• As you continue, nursingstudy.org has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments including how to manage stress in workplaces. All you need to do is place an order with us (Reinforcement of Barcoding Technology in Medication Delivery Process: Medication Errors).
• Othman, E. H., & Darawad, M. W. (2020). Nurses’ Compliance with Bar-code Medication Administration Technology: Results of Direct Observation of Jordanian Nurses’ Practice. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 38(5), 256-262.
• Shen, M., Chen, S., Liu, X., GAO, J., Xiaohua, W. U., Hongzhen, X. U., & Zhu, J. (2018). Establishment of evaluation pediatrics nursing-sensitive quality indicatorssystembasedon Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome theory. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 34(26), 2035-2041.
• Van der Veen, W., Taxis, K., Wouters, H., Vermeulen, H., Bates, D. W., van den Bemt, P. M., & Vasbinder, E. C. (2020). Factors associated with workarounds in barcode‐assisted medication administration in hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing.
• Van Der Veen, W., Van Den Bemt, P. M., Wouters, H., Bates, D. W., Twisk, J. W., De Gier, J. J., … & Ros, J. J. (2018). Association between workarounds and medication administration errors in bar-code-assisted medication administration in hospitals. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(4), 385-392.
• Xie, N. (2017). Nurses’ perceptions of bar code medication administration best practices to increase bar code scanning rates in a mental health setting.

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