International Wages for Housework Campaign and Dependency theory – Assignment 1 Solution

This article discusses International Wages for Housework Campaign and Dependency theory.

Instructions

1)      The International Wages for Housework Campaign was a global social movement founded in 1972 in Padua, Italy. The Campaign was formed to raise awareness of how housework and childcare are the base of all industrial work.

The Campaign grew out of the International Feminist Collective in Italy, of which Silvia Federici was a member. Explain in some detail the argument of the campaign as Federici develops it in her article “Wages Against Housework.” What does she mean by “labor of love” and how does this labor benefit capitalism?

2)      Dependency theory states that as long as peripheral nations are dependent on core nations for economic stimulus and access to a larger piece of the global economy, they will never achieve stable and consistent economic growth. Drawing from the film The End of Poverty? present some examples that further support this theory.

Film: The End of Poverty? https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x22eynh

3)      Contrast the “culture of poverty” argument and structural explanations for poverty. Using occupation and occupational change as your mobility criteria, view the social mobility within your own family and explain why you think people in your family have moved up, moved down, or remained at the same status level.

Please answer these questions in no more than 150 words for each after you carefully review the respective materials.

Solution

International Wages for Housework Campaign

1)      The International Wages for Housework Campaign was a global social movement founded in 1972 in Padua, Italy. The campaign was formed to raise awareness of how housework and childcare are the base of all industrial work.

The campaign grew out of the International Feminist Collective in Italy, of which Silvia Federici was a member. Explain in some detail the argument of the campaign as Federici develops it in her article “Wages Against Housework.” What does she mean by “labor of love,” and how does this labor benefit capitalism?

Silvia Federici uses the term ‘labor for love’ to show how people put themselves to work, especially where love is involved. In this regard, the author argues that domestic work is an unpaid activity performed without questions and glorified due to the love of one’s home and family.

Housework has been promoted as a woman’s social role, which should be enjoyed and executed with a smile. Therefore, love is considered a key aspect in rendering the labor of a home, which is often unpaid among the executors. Nonetheless, society normally undervalues this aspect as this activity escapes the categorization of work.

Housework is generally praised in the community, resulting in some women ending up as housewives despite the manipulative and exploitive nature of this work. As a result, housework promotes capitalism because it has been transformed into a natural attribute of the female physique that is unavoidable and fulfilling to make women accept this form of unpaid work.

2)      Dependency theory states that as long as peripheral nations are dependent on core nations for economic stimulus and access to a larger piece of the global economy, they will never achieve stable and consistent economic growth. Drawing from the film The End of Poverty? present some examples that further support this theory.

            Dependency theory states that resources flow from underdeveloped countries to wealthy states, suppressing the former while enriching the former. This dependency limits the development of periphery countries despite having a lot of resources at their disposal.

Twenty-four thousand people die every day from hunger and hunger-related diseases, despite having plenty of resources surrounding them. Besides, 5% of the world’s population live in the United States and consume over 25% of the world’s resources, accounting for 30% of its pollution, which is considered a failure (Dailymotion, 2014).

From this example, the peripheral countries are oppressed by the wealthy countries despite having the necessary resources but happen to be owned or sourced to the wealthy countries. The dependency theory is well supported in the provided resource, which outlines that these unfair practices began during colonization when the colonizers took over the resources in Asia and Africa before taking their land, using their legal systems.

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This practice was also present in Europe, where upper classes seized communal land from the poor citizens, depriving them of their livelihood. In Kenya, 1% of the whites owned approximately 50% of the arable land, which up to date, has not been fully recovered (Dailymotion, 2014). Years later, the peripheral countries have recorded high poverty levels among them while depending on the wealthy states for grants and support.

3)      Contrast the “culture of poverty” argument and structural explanations for poverty. Using occupation and occupational change as your mobility criteria, view the social mobility within your own family and explain why you think people in your family have moved up, moved down, or remained at the same status level.

The culture of poverty theory argues that poverty is not by chance but rather as a result of peoples’ cultural norms and values. In this regard, the poor in the society have specific characteristics that are different from those of the mainstream society, such as the lack of motivation to work, among other beliefs that contribute to their poverty.

Contrary to the structured explanation of poverty, view poverty as a result of the societal problems which lead to the lack of jobs and opportunities. Looking at the occupational and occupational change as a mobility criterion, I have had instances where my family members have moved up and down. For example, my aunt got a placement as a regional manager for USAID in East Africa.

Through hard work, determination, and dedication to her work, she got the promotion to hold a reputable position for an internationally recognized organization. Following this promotion, our family has moved up in the societal rankings. Contrary, one of my cousins was deeply affected by the Covid 19 pandemic, which led to his company’s downfall. This situation led to the loss of a source of income amongst bad debts that he had considered to rebuild the company. In this case, despite his zeal for work, he moved down due to the Covid 19 economic depression.

Reference

Dailymotion. (2014). The end of poverty? – Video Dailymotion. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x22eynh/

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