F<\/span>urthermore, DNA replication is a fundamental process that takes place every time a cell divides and duplicates its genetic material. However, sometimes mistakes occur during this intricate process, leading to alterations in the DNA sequence. <\/span>Besides, these alterations can manifest as changes in single nucleotides, known as point mutations, or even larger-scale rearrangements (Basu et al., 2019) (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>). <\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n When it comes to recombination, it’s all about shuffling the genetic deck. This process plays a crucial role in generating genetic diversity, but it does come with a risk. Occasionally, errors can sneak in during recombination, causing chunks of DNA to be rearranged in unexpected ways. M<\/span>oreover, these rearrangements can disrupt normal cellular functions and potentially lead to cancerous changes (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n F<\/span>urthermore, If a DNA repair mechanism fails to correct errors or damage adequately, harmful mutations can pile up, compromising the accuracy of DNA replication and contributing to the development of cancer (Basu et al., 2019). According to Ashish et al., (2023), sometimes the\u00a0DNA replication process\u00a0itself encounters obstacles or stalls due to DNA damage or other factors which can cause replication stress\u00a0and it can lead to genomic instability and cancer (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>).<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>The study by Basu et al., (2019) also found out that to cope with replication stress, cells can use homologous recombination (HR) to restart the stalled replication forks and resume DNA synthesis. <\/span>Consequently,<\/span> <\/span>homologous recombination<\/span> (HR) is one of the main DNA repair pathways which is responsible for repairing breaks in DNA damage (Yu et al., 2019). <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n However, if HR is defective or overwhelmed by excessive replication stress, it can result in errors or incomplete repair, leading to changes in DNA sequence at the cellular level. <\/span>Hence, a<\/span>ll these factors can affect the genes that regulate cell growth and division. Some genes can be damaged by environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke or ultraviolet rays (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mutations can cause cells to grow abnormally or evade the immune system. B<\/span>esides, other genes can be inherited from one\u2019s parents and increase their susceptibility to certain types of cancer. <\/span>Furthermore, <\/span>to sum it all up, errors in DNA replication, recombination, or repair can lead to changes in DNA sequence at the cellular level, potentially setting the stage for cancer. It’s a delicate dance within one\u2019s cells, and when mistakes happen, the consequences can be profound. <\/span>Moreover,scientists will continue to strive to unravel these mysteries and develop innovative approaches to better understand and combat cancer (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>).<\/span> <\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Basu, U., Sharma, A., Bajaj, D., Malik, N., Jha, U. C., Upadhyaya, H. D., & Parida,\u00a0Reporter<\/span>,\u00a040<\/span>(1), 119\u2013135.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org\/10.1007\/s11105-021-01303-9<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ashish, Bhaskar, A., Lal, B., Panda, D. K., Patil, A., & Bhaskar, M. (2023). DNA Sequence based Advanced Technique for Prediction of Hereditary Diseases using Support Vector Machine (SVM).\u00a02023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2023 International Conference On<\/span>, 870\u2013874.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org\/10.1109\/ICICT57646.2023.10133969<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yu, J., Chen, Z., & Yan, F. (2019). Advances in mechanism studies on ultrasonic gene delivery at cellular level.\u00a0Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology<\/span>,\u00a0142<\/span>, 1\u20139.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.012<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n The disease selected in my DQ 1 is Cystic fibrosis (CF) and how the error in DNA replication and recombination is formed. In people with CF\u00a0mutations, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene can disrupt the normal production or functioning of the CFTR protein found in the cells of the lungs and other parts of the body. Cystic fibrosis is an example of a recessive disease meaning that a person must have a mutation in both copies of the CFTR gene to have CF (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>).<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations, or errors, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which result in either no CFTR protein being made or a malformed CFTR protein that can not perform its key function in the cell. CF are caused by mutations in a single gene, one that contains DNA \u201cletters\u201d that spell out the instructions to make a specific protein (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>. <\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n When the protein is not made correctly, it can lead to several problems. The disease affect mainly secretory organs in humans, as a genetic disorder <\/a>with malfunctioning CFTR protein, it combines chloride channel properties and ABC transporters and its malfunction results in\u00a0impaired ion and water transport across the plasma membrane. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride a component of salt becomes trapped in cells (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Without the proper movement of chloride, water cannot hydrate the cellular surface. This leads the mucus covering the cells to become thick and sticky, causing many of the symptoms associated with CF. There are five classes of CFTR mutations: protein production, protein processing, gating, conduction, and insufficient protein. The most common CF mutation is F508 del primarily considered to be a protein processing mutation. Zajac et al., (2021) (Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>).<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n From my study the scientists over the years have used different ways of grouping these mutations into different classes. The most recent classification system groups mutations by the problems that they cause in the production of the CFTR protein. It seems to not have a particular treatment. However, medical teams are managing every individual according to how their symptoms presents. <\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n Consequently, researchers are still making efforts according to CF foundation, major initiative known as “the path to a cure,”\u00a0an ambitious research agenda to deliver treatments for the underlying cause of the disease and a cure for every person with CF.\u00a0The Foundation is challenging potential collaborators to submit proposals that will accelerate the pace of progress in CF drug discovery and development and intends to allocate $500 million to the effort through 2025(Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n The Path to a Cure centers around two core strategies to address the underlying cause of CF, restoring CFTR protein when none exists and fixing or replacing the underlying genetic mutation to address the root cause of CF.\u00a0According to PBS Nova., (2023) “a cystic fibrosis sufferer breathing easily because scientists have been able to pinpoint and neutralize the genetic abnormalities underlying their conditions, the new era of personalized, gene-based medicine is relevant to everyone.” \u00a0it is worth acknowledging that present therapies may not bring benefits to all CF patients, rather every patient treatment plan may defer from one another and symptoms are managed accordingly.\u00a0Zajac et al., (2021)(Cancer-Nursing Paper Examples<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n PBS Nova., (2023), Cracking Your Genetic Code\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/nova\/video\/cracking-your-genetic-code\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"Cancer-Nursing](\"https:\/\/nursingstudy.org\/examples\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Cancer-Nursing-Care-Plans-and-Nursing-Diagnosis-1030x773.jpg\")
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