![\"5](\"https:\/\/nursingstudy.org\/examples\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/5-ways-of-knowing-nursing-773x1030.png\")
Empirical Knowledge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Empirical knowledge is factual and descriptive. It offers the basis for nurses\u2019 theoretical explanations <\/a>of their environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Empirical knowledge is drawn from nursing science in which reality is perceived as something that the observer can measure, verify, and describe. Empirical knowledge examples include maternal mortality rates and cancer severity in specific environments, and it seeks to answer the questions of what this is, and how can it be explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Empiric knowing is the core of nursing education, and nurses rely on facts and descriptions from empirical research (Chinn & Kramer, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, certain aspects of the nursing environment, such as comforting the sick, feeding them, and educating patients, are not empirical. Ethical knowing is based on what is right and moral. Nurses follow ethical codes of conduct in their daily practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ethics involves making moral decisions on what is right and wrong and being accountable for those choices (Chinn & Kramer, 2015). Ethical reasoning and moral knowledge are applied to every aspect of patient care. For instance, we may have a case where a patient does not want to eat and asks for the nurse to end his life. Despite patient anonymity, the nurse is expected to solve the issue through ethical reasoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Personal knowing revolves around reflection and responses that bolster nurses\u2019 understanding of their environment. Carper describes personal knowledge as the approach of the nurse to develop a personal relationship with the patient. According to Carper, personal knowing involves understanding of the self and knowing another human being as a person, not as an object. Personal knowing develops through experience, increased personal interaction, and instinctive reflexes or judgements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Personal knowing is complex to teach but very fundamental in comprehending an individual\u2019s perceptions of health and wellness (Chinn & Kramer, 2015). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Esthetic knowing is also described as the art of nursing, and it involves visible actions of nurses\u2019 understanding of the patient\u2019s needs. Esthetics is empathy and being able to experience and internalize another person\u2019s feelings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Experience is also crucial in aesthetic knowing since it strengthens nurses\u2019 understanding of different caring patterns to care for patients uniquely (Chinn & Kramer, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The fifth pattern is social-political knowing of the person and the personal interaction. The two levels of social-political knowing include the context of the person, \u201cthe nurse and the patient,\u201d and the professional context. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Social-political knowing offers a broad understanding of class and power structures, and how they generate sexism, racism, ageism, and classism, impacting health and illness. This knowledge helps nurses articulate societal structures such as poverty, unemployment, isolation, and alienation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nurses should critique the implications of these structures on the health of an individual and society (Persegona, Rocha, Lenardt & Zagonel, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Watson describes empirical knowledge as the science that requires knowledge to be verifiable and have factual descriptions and explanations. Empirics need to have objective and or subjective collections of data, such as scientific data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The aesthetic knowing (the art of nursing), according to Watson, is what is considered fundamental in the understanding of a patient\u2019s behavior and feeling. Nurses need to develop interpersonal relationships and interactions with the patients to strengthen comprehension (Watson & Woodward, 2010).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Through these relationships, nurses can accept the patients as they are and do what they need in the \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat.\u201d The transpersonal relationship makes nurses\u2019 actions visible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Watson views ethical knowing as what is perceived as good for the patient and involves an explanation of moral and non-moral obligations and the outcomes of ethical reasoning and decision making. Ethical knowing includes nurses\u2019 ethical code of conduct, standards, and philosophies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Personal knowing develops through interpersonal interactions that exist between the patient and the nurse. These interactions help nurses reflect and build upon the experience to better understand and care for their patients (Watson & Woodward, 2010). The interpersonal relationships of the nursing process<\/a> express the quality of care. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Esthetic knowing, personal knowing, and ethical knowing are more evident and easily applicable in Watson\u2019s theory. Watson provides broader descriptions of authentic presence, equanimity, love, and kindness. Watson\u2019s theory principles enable the human being to develop deep belief and spiritual growth and flow within the body, mind, and spirit. This development helps nurses go beyond their ego to provide a physical and spiritual care and healing environment. Esthetic knowing, personal knowing, and ethical knowing can only be emulated through Watson\u2019s human care principles (Cowling, Smith & Watson, 2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\nEthical Knowing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Personal Knowing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Aesthetics <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Social-political Knowing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Carper's](\"https:\/\/nursingstudy.org\/examples\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Carpers-Patter-nevdence-based-practice-wing-in-Nursing-1019x1030.png\")
Jean Watson’s views on patterns of knowledge<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Patterns of Knowledge that are more evident (or easier to apply) in Watson\u2019s theory of human caring<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n